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Traumatic Brain Injury

The National Institute of Health states:

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to a brain injury that is caused by an outside force. TBI can be caused by a forceful bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body or an object entering the brain. Not all blows or jolts to the head result in TBI.

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Some types of TBI can cause temporary or short-term problems with brain function, including how a person thinks, understands, moves, communicates, and acts. More serious TBI can lead to severe and permanent disability and even death.

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Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Physical

  • Headache

  • Convulsions or seizures

  • Blurred or double vision

  • Unequal pupil size or dilation

  • Clear fluids draining from the nose or ears

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • New neurological problems, (ex. slurred speech, weakness of arms/legs/face, loss of balance)

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Cognitive

  • Loss of or change in conscious-ness for anywhere from a few seconds to a few hours

  • Decreased consciousness (e.g., hard to awaken)

  • Confusion or disorientation

  • Problems remembering, concentrating, decision-making

  • Changes in sleep patterns (e.g., sleeping more, difficulty falling or staying asleep, inability to wake)

  • Frustration, irritability

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Perception

  • Light-headedness, dizziness, vertigo, or loss of balance or coordination

  • Blurred vision

  • Hearing problems, such as ringing in the ears

  • Unexplained bad taste in the mouth

  • Sensitivity to light or sound

  • Mood changes or swings

  • Feeling anxious or depressed

  • Fatigue or drowsiness; a lack of energy or motivation

Source: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

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